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Environmental Chemistry Complete Notes..

Environmental Chemistry Environmental chemistry: It is the branch of chemistry that deals with the study of various chemical processes taking place in the various segments of the environment. Broadly speaking, it is the study of the sources, transportation, reactions, effects and the ultimate of the chemical species occurring in one or more segments of the environment. Components of Environment : Atmosphere:   This comprises a blanket of gaseous layer around earth. Hydrosphere :  This comprises about 96% of earth’s surface & includes all   sources of water like oceans rivers lakes, glaciers, ground water etc. Lithosphere :  It refers to earth’s solid crust containing the outer mineral cover. It comprises soil, minerals, organic matter etc.  Biosphere:   It refers to the domain of living organism in covalent with atmosphere hydrosphere as well as lithosphere.    Environmental pollution...
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Model Question for Chemistry For JAC 2018 examination Set - 02


Chemistry

Full Marks-70                                                                                             Pass Marks - 23                                                                                                                     Time-3 Hours

General instructions:
(i) All questions are Compulsory.
(ii)Question Nos. 1 to 8 are multiple Choice Type which carry 1 mark each.
(iii)Question Nos. 9 to 15 are very short Answer Type which carry 1 mark each.
(iv) Question Nos. 16 to 23 are short Answer Type -I which carry 2 marks each.
(v)Question Nos. 24 to 31 are short Answer Type - II which carry 3 marks each.
(vi) Question Nos. 32 to 34 are Long Answer Type which carry 5 marks each.

(Multiple Choice Type Question)


1. The packing efficiency in fcc unit cell is:   
a) 74 %                              
b) 68 %          
c) 51 %                             
d) 92 %

2. Which is not a colligative property?
(a) Freezing point                                      
(b) Lowering of vapour pressure.
(c) Osmatic pressure                                 
(d) Elevation of boiling point.

3. Which of the following forms positive sols-
(a) As2O3                   
(b) Blood                
(c) Fe(OH)3            
(d) Starch

4. Which of the following ores are concentrated by froth flotation process?
(a) Zinc blende                  
(b) Galena                     
(c) Copper pyrites                            
(d) Calamine

5. The most stable complex is:
(a) K3[Al(C2O4)3]               
(b) [Pt(en)2]Cl2            
(c) [Ag(NH3)2]Cl                  
(d) K2[Ni(EDTA)]

6. C2H5Cl on heating with alc. KOH will produce:
(a) C2H5OH                         
(b) C2H4                      
(c) C2H2                              
(d) C2H6

7. Polymer used in bullet proof glass is:
(a) PMMA                    
(b) Lexan                  
(c) Nomex     
(d) Arlon

8. A broad spectrum antibiotic is:
(a) Paracetamol                  
(b) Pencillin              
(c) Asprin            
(d) Chloro amphenical


(Very short Answer Type Questions)


9. Define gold number.

10. What is a nucleotide?

11. Write down the name of product obtained on hydrolysis of lactose. 
                          OR 
What happens when aniline is treated with Br2 water?

12. Why is paracetamol preferred to aspirin?

13. What is glycosidic linkage? 
                          OR
What is peptide linkage?

14. Name a hypnotic drug.

15. Define tranquillizers with one example. 
                           OR 
What does PMMA represent?

(Short Answer Type I Questions)


16. State and derive Raoult’s law for a solution containing non-volatile solutes.

17. What are isolonic, hypotonic and hypertonic solutions?
OR
what do you mean by lanthanoid contraction? write its consequences!

18. Define the molar conductivity of a substance. How does it vary with concentration for weak and strong electrolytes?

19. Differentiate the following giving a suitable example?
(a) Calcination and roasting                               (b) Flux and slag                  (c) Smelting and roasting
OR 
Write about aluminothermic process with two examples.

20.  5% Urea solution is isotonic with 12.5% solution of an organic compound. If the molecular mass of area is 60, then calculate the molecular mass of that organic compound.

21. What are essential and non-essential acid? Give two examples of each.

22. Explain the difference between globular and fibrous proteins.
OR
How are Synthetic detergents better than Soaps?

23. Define the following with one example:
(a) Homopolymer                (b) Plasticizers              (c) Thermoplastics      (d) Thermosetting polymer

(Short Answer Type II Questions)


24. What is difference between Schottky and Frenkel defects? 
OR 
What is radius ratio? What is its significance?

25. How much copper will be deposited at cathode of 2 ampere current for 60 minute? 
OR 
What do you understand by standard e.m.f. of a cell? Derive a relationship between standard e.m.f. of a cell and equilibrium constant.

26. Compare characteristics of Physiscorption and Chemisorption. 
OR
 What are lyophobic and lyophilic sols? Give their chief distinguishing characteristics.

27. Draw the structure of the following:
(a) H3PO4                (b) H3PO3               (c) H3PO2             (d) H4P2O7           (e) (HPO3)3

28. Why do transition elements form coloured compounds explain?
OR
Why Complexes of transition metals are generally paramagnetic?

29. Why does trichloromethane stored in dark coloured bottles? Give reason with related reaction.

30. Why is the solubility of haloalkanes in water very low?
OR
Complete the following reaction:
(i) Cr2O72- +H+ + Fe2+            →
(ii) MnO4- + I- + H+              →
(iii)  MnO4- + C2O42- + H+   →

31. Explain the following:
(a) Transition elements show variable oxidation states.
(b) The paramagnetic character in 3d transition series elements increases upto Mn and then decreases.
OR
Silver crystallises in CCP lattice and the edge length of its unit cell is 408.6 Pm
Calculate the density of silver. (Atomic mars of silver = 107.9 u)

(Long Answer Type Question)


32. Derive integrated rate equation for a first order reaction.
OR
(i) State faraday's laws of electrolysis.
(ii) A solution of CuSO4 is electrolysed for 10 minutes with a current of 1.5
amperes. Calculate the mass of copper deposited at the cathode.
(Atomic mass of Cu = 63.5)

33. Give reasons for the following:
(a) SCl6 is not known but SF6 is known.
(b) Sulphur hexafluoride is used as a gaseous electrical insulator.
(c) Bond dissociation energy of F2 is less than that of Cl2.
(d) Sulphur disappear when boiled with an aqueous solution of Na2SO3.
(e) Ammonia Acts as a ligand.
OR
Write short notes on any three of the following
(i) Wurtz reaction                                                                       
(ii) William son's synthesis
(iii) Mendius reaction                                                                
(iv) Friedel Craft reaction

34. (a) Give chemical reaction to obtain the following:
(i) Carboxylic acid from Grignard reagent
(ii) Benzoic acid from ethyl benzoate
(iii) Benzamide from benzoic acid
(b) How will you distinguish aldehyde, Ketone and carboxylic acid 
OR
How will you bring about the following transformation? 
(i) Propanal to Propan-1-ol
(ii) Chlorobenzene to Phenol
(iii) Benzyl Chloride to Benzyl alcohol
(iv) Toluene to benzoic acid
(v) Phenol to Aniline


By:-
Anjani Kumar Singh

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