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Environmental Chemistry Complete Notes..

Environmental Chemistry Environmental chemistry: It is the branch of chemistry that deals with the study of various chemical processes taking place in the various segments of the environment. Broadly speaking, it is the study of the sources, transportation, reactions, effects and the ultimate of the chemical species occurring in one or more segments of the environment. Components of Environment : Atmosphere:   This comprises a blanket of gaseous layer around earth. Hydrosphere :  This comprises about 96% of earth’s surface & includes all   sources of water like oceans rivers lakes, glaciers, ground water etc. Lithosphere :  It refers to earth’s solid crust containing the outer mineral cover. It comprises soil, minerals, organic matter etc.  Biosphere:   It refers to the domain of living organism in covalent with atmosphere hydrosphere as well as lithosphere.    Environmental pollution...
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How to Name Hydrocarbons

To name a hydrocarbon, follow the steps below:

Step 1: Find the root: 

Identify the longest chain or ring in the hydrocarbon. If the hydrocarbon is an alkene or an alkyne, make sure that you include any multiple bonds in the main chain. Remember that the chain does not have to be in a straight line. 

Count the number of carbon atoms in the main chain to obtain the root. If it is a cyclic compound, add the prefix -cyclo- before the root.

Step 2: Find the suffix: 

If the hydrocarbon is an alkane, use the suffix -ane. Use -ene if the hydrocarbon is an alkene. Use -yne if the hydrocarbonis an alkyne. If more than one double or triple bond is present, use the prefix di- (2) or tri- (3) before the suffix to indicate the number of multiple bonds.

Step 3: Give a position number to every carbon atom in the main chain:

Start from the end that gives you the lowest possible position number for the double or triple bond, if there is one. 

If there is no double or triple bond, number the compound so that the brancheshave the lowest possible position numbers.

Step 4: Find the prefix: 

Name each branch as an alkyl group, and give it a position number. If more than one branch is present, write the names of the branches in alphabetical order. Put the position number of any double or triple bonds after the position numbers and names of the branches, just before the root. This is the prefix.

Note: Use the carbon atom with the lowest position number to give the location of a double or triple bond.

Step 5: Put the name together: 

prefix + root + suffix.


By:-Anjani Kumar Singh


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