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Environmental Chemistry Complete Notes..

Environmental Chemistry Environmental chemistry: It is the branch of chemistry that deals with the study of various chemical processes taking place in the various segments of the environment. Broadly speaking, it is the study of the sources, transportation, reactions, effects and the ultimate of the chemical species occurring in one or more segments of the environment. Components of Environment : Atmosphere:   This comprises a blanket of gaseous layer around earth. Hydrosphere :  This comprises about 96% of earth’s surface & includes all   sources of water like oceans rivers lakes, glaciers, ground water etc. Lithosphere :  It refers to earth’s solid crust containing the outer mineral cover. It comprises soil, minerals, organic matter etc.  Biosphere:   It refers to the domain of living organism in covalent with atmosphere hydrosphere as well as lithosphere.    Environmental pollution...
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HORMONES


Hormones are the chemical substances, produced by endocrine glands in the body and are released directly in blood stream. From here, these are transported to the site of their action. These act as inter cellular messengers and control various body functions.



Classification of Hormones:

On the basis of chemical constitution, the hormones are mainly divided into two classes, i.e., steroid and non-steroid hormones.


1. Steroid Hormones:

The compounds which are the derivatives of four ring systems and consisting of three cyclopentane rings are called steroids. Sex hormones, bile acids, etc. are steroid hormones. Steroid hormones can be further classified as sex hormones and adrenocortical hormones.

(i) Sex hormones: 
Sex hormones are mainly of three types i.e. male sex hormone or androgen, female sex hormone or estrogen and pregnancy hormone or progesterone.

(ii) Adrenocortical Hormones or Corticosteroids: 
These hormones are involved in the regulation of large number of biological activities such as carbohydrates, proteins and lipid metabolism, etc.

2. Non-Steroid Hormones:

These hormones do not contain steroid ring. They are further classified as protein or peptide hormone, amino acid derivative or amine hormones.
An example of this type of hormone is insulin, secreted by pancreas, its function is to conversion of glucose into glycogen.

Functions of hormones:

* They help to maintain the balance of biological activities        in the body.
* Growth hormone and sex hormone play role in growth            and  development.
* Hormones released by glands are responsible for the               development of secondary sexual characters.


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